Ayurvedic Perspective on Reproductive and Gynecological Disorders: Understanding Yoni Vyapad, Vandhyatva, and Artava Dushti

Ayurvedic Perspective on Reproductive and Gynecological Disorders: Understanding Yoni Vyapad, Vandhyatva, and Artava Dushti

Abstract:
Reproductive and gynecological disorders are classified under Yonivyapad and Artava Vikara in Ayurveda. These include a wide range of menstrual, fertility, and vaginal pathologies. This article discusses the Ayurvedic etiology, pathogenesis, types, clinical features, and holistic treatment including herbal and Panchakarma therapies for conditions such as Yoni Vyapad (vaginal disorders), Vandhyatva (infertility), and Artava Dushti (menstrual abnormalities).

---

1. Introduction
Women's health has always been a significant aspect of Ayurvedic medicine. The reproductive system is governed mainly by Apana Vata, and its balance is crucial for healthy menstruation, fertility, and parturition. Disorders in this domain arise due to imbalance in Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, along with dhatu kshaya.

2. Nidana (Etiological Factors)

• Excessive sexual activity, improper hygiene

• Use of unclean tampons, poor diet

• Suppression of natural urges (especially menstruation)

• Mental stress, emotional trauma

• Hormonal disturbances, chronic illnesses

3. Common Reproductive Disorders in Ayurveda

• Yoni Vyapad – Vaginal disorders (20 types mentioned)

• Vandhyatva – Infertility

• Artava Dushti – Menstrual irregularities (delayed, scanty, painful)

• Rajahkrichra – Dysmenorrhea

• Rajonivrutti – Menopause and its complications

4. Samprapti (Pathogenesis)
Dosha vitiation leads to impairment in Garbhashaya (uterus), Artavavaha srotas (channels of menstrual flow), and affects the normal functions of Artava (menstrual blood), resulting in structural and functional abnormalities.

Reference: Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana 30, Ashtanga Hridaya Uttara Tantra 38–40

5. Rupa (Clinical Features)

• Yoni Vyapad: Discharge, pain, itching, foul smell

• Artava Dushti: Irregular cycle, color changes, pain

• Vandhyatva: Inability to conceive despite regular coitus

6. Sadhya-Asadhyata (Prognosis)

• Functional disorders and early-stage diseases are curable

• Hormonal, structural, and congenital abnormalities are Yapya or Krichrasadhya

7. Chikitsa Sutra (Treatment Principles)

• Yoniprakshalana, Pichu, and Varti applications

• Snehana, Swedana, and Basti for Vata correction

• Rasayana and Garbha Sthapaka drugs in infertility

8. Ayurvedic Medicines

• Yoni Vyapad: Triphala Kashaya, Panchavalkala Kwatha, Yoni Pichu with Jatyadi Taila

• Artava Dushti: Rajapravartini Vati, Ashokarishta, Kumaryasava

• Vandhyatva: Phalaghrita, Putrajivaka Churna, Shatavari Ghrita, Garbhasthapaka Yoga

9. Panchakarma Therapies

• Uttara Basti: For Vandhyatva, Artava Dushti, chronic Yoni Vyapad

• Basti: Anuvasana and Niruha for Apana Vata regulation

• Vaginal Dhoopana and Yonidhavana for local cleansing and healing

10. Pathya-Apathya (Diet & Lifestyle)

• Satmya Ahara: Warm, nourishing foods like milk, ghee, sesame

• Avoid cold, dry, spicy, junk foods

• Yoga: Baddha Konasana, Bhujangasana, meditation for stress

• Maintain menstrual hygiene, avoid suppression of urges

11. Conclusion
Ayurveda offers a time-tested and individualized approach to gynecological disorders. From regulating the menstrual cycle to supporting fertility, treatments include local applications, Panchakarma, internal medications, and lifestyle correction for lasting results.

12. References

1. Charaka Samhita Chikitsa Sthana Chapter 30

2. Ashtanga Hridaya Uttara Tantra – Yoni Vyapad, Vandhyatva

3. Sushruta Samhita – Nidana and Chikitsa of Yonivyapad

4. Bhavaprakasha Nighantu – Shatavari, Ashoka, Lodhra

5. CCRAS Ayurvedic Formulary Vol I & II